Handbook Of Operant Classical Conditioning â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Handbook Of Operant Classical Conditioning? Answer: Introduction Change management is a process of identifying changing market trends, designing a change program and introducing a change in the workplace in order to cope up with the market trends and to remain competitive (Kotter, 2007). The spread of globalisation has made the business world more complex and competitive. With the increase in the reach of business organisations and also of the customers, business organizations in all industries are competing with each other at a global scale and have become vulnerable to multiple internal and external environment factors, which can undergo a change in real time. Environment factors, such as social, economic, technological, etc. can undergo a change in real time, which forces business organisations to introduce changes in their work operations and processes, in order to remain competitive and ensure market sustainability (Techtarget, 2015). Resistance to change Introducing changes in the workplace has become an important factor in organisation success as it assists business organisations in increasing their overall competencies and in remaining competitive but managing workplace changes is not an easy task (McSweeney Murphy, 2014). Designing and implementing changes in the workplace is such a dubious task that a number of organisations have miserably failed in their attempt to introduce workplace changes while some organisations have lost their market share to their competitors in their attempts to implement changes. One of the prime reasons behind the failure of business organisations in implementing workplace change is resistance to change. Resistance to change is a natural process where the stakeholders demonstrate a negative reaction towards the change program if they perceive it as a threat (Changingminds, n.d.). Why employees resist workplace changes? Resistance to change has been considered as one of the prime reasons behind the failure of change initiatives but most of the times, it is the inability of the management to implement the change effectively and in dealing with the resistance to change offered by the stakeholders. Resistance to change during a change initiative can occur due to a number of reasons. Some of the reasons behind the origin of resistance to an organisational change are discussed below: Loss of status, power or job insecurity it is a natural tendency of human beings to resist changes that can have an impact on their work lives, personal lives or can bring them out of their comfort zones. In an organisational setting, resistance to change can be shown by employees whenever they feel threatened by upcoming technological or administrative changes, which can result in their role and responsibility being reduced, undermined or eliminated. The employees perceive such changes as a threat to their existence in the organisation and end up offering resistance to the change program (Tanner, 2017). Organisational wide changes can sometimes involve downsizing of the workforce or can sometimes involve a complete restructuring of an organisation. When such changes are being planned and implemented, the employees become insecure about their jobs and are more likely to resist such change programs (Bytestart, 2015). Therefore, loss of status, power or being insecure about their jobs is one of the prime reasons, which makes the employees show resistance to change programs. Fear of the unknown and improper communication another major reason behind the failure of change management programs and also behind the origin of resistance to change is the fear that the employees develop in their mind when they are not properly informed about the change program and its objectives (Stark, 2010). Most of the times, the management fails to effectively communicate the change management program with its stakeholders and lesser the stakeholders know about the change program and its likely impact on the organisation, more will be the resistance that they would offer to the change program. As a result, most of the people are of the view that keeping the employees involved in the change management process can help business organisations in dealing with resistance to change (Adenle, 2011). Peer pressure Whether introverts or extroverts, all employees working in a business organisation are a part of a group and have a tendency to resist changes that are against the interests of the group to which they belong. If a change is perceived by the employees as a threat to the bond that they have with the other people, they will show resistance to change and make it difficult for the organisation to successfully implement a change. Organisational climate and politics the climate of an organisation and the politics within a workplace has a major role to play in the process of introducing workplace changes. If there is lack of trust in the organisation, implementing a change can become a night mare for the managers as the employees are not able to place their trust in anybody and perceive a change program as a threat to their jobs (Rick, 2011). On the other hands, organisational politics and bureaucracy can also become a prime reason for resistance to change because the employees can resist change to prove that the leaders of the change program are not worthy of their position or to prove that their initiatives are not going to bring any fruitful results for the company. Poor timing in certain cases, it is not just about the actions of the change facilitators that paves way for resistance to change but can also be sometimes because of the change being introduced at a wrong time or in an awkward situation. It is important for the managers to introduce a change at the right time so that the employees are adequately prepared for the change and do not consider it unwanted or ineffective (Ford, Ford, D'Amelio3, 2008). An apropriate example of resistance to change due to poor timing or not recognizing the need for a change can be studies from the rivalry between traditional taxi companies and companies like Uber and Ola. The traditional taxi companies resisted some technological changes at a time when they were necessary and tried to implement them at a time when it was already too late. Thus, a majority of the traditional companies have still not been able to implement technological changes and have been entirely thrown out of the market competition. (BOUQUET RENAULT, 2014). Lack of reward one of the most obvious reason for the origination of resistance to change is the lack of reward that can possible help in reinforcing the changes that the employees are able to demonstrate in their behaviour. In absence of rewards, the employees are not able to associate any benefits with the change program and are more likely to resist a change program as it would not have any benefits for them in any possible way (Glassman, 2009). Thus, it is important for the change facilitators to associate rewards with change programs so that they can reinforce the changes that have been successfully implemented and can reduce the resistance that the employees can offer to the change programs. Relation between power and resistance to change In an organisational setting, power refers to the possession of authority and influence that a person has over others. Higher a person sits in the hierarchy, higher is the power that he would possess. Business organisations that have complex structures, complicated hierarchies and also have power distributed differently at different levels, are more likely to experience politics and bureaucracy in the organisation (Merchant, n.d.). Power has been considered to be have a negative effect on the behaviour of people, when assessed in an organisational setup. A number of studies have concluded that higher the power a person holds in an organisation, higher will be the resistance that he or she would offer to the change program unless he or she is going to receive some benefits out of it. When people, who possess power in an organisation, try to convert their power into actions, they are likely to give rise to politics as well as groupism (Virtual Learning Environment , 2017). One of the prime reasons for powerful people to resist organisational change is the fear that they develop in their minds. People who enjoy a powerful stature in an organisational setup often develop a fear in their minds that an upcoming change would undermine their authority and it would become difficult for them to exercise their control over others. As a result, they are more likely to indulge into politics and have a negative influence on others, which makes it difficult for the managers of an organisation to implement workplace changes successfully. On the other hand, change management theories also suggest that the senior level managers can chose organisational leaders as change facilitators or change agents and convince the people to accept the change through them (Dickson, 2013). But when the organisational leaders are themselves opposing the change, it becomes very difficult for business organisations to promote the change. In one of the cases, a company experienced a lot of resistance from its managerial level position when a change was being planned. The senior level management of the company planned to implement a system where all the employees would receive instructions about their jobs or tasks through an online portal. The managers thought that such a system would limit their power over the employees, which would have an impact on their status in the organisation. As a result, they demonstrated a lot of resistance to the change and the change program had to be dropped because of the resistance (Strebel, n.d.). Therefore, it is not wrong to say that power and resistance in an organisational setup are directly proportional to each other i.e. higher the power that a person holds, higher will be the resistance that he or she would offer to a change program if he or she perceives it as a threat to his or her authority or power. Ethical issues related with power and position As discussed above, power and the ability to resist a change are directly proportional. In other words, higher the power that a person has, higher and stronger will be the resistance that he can offer to a change program. The resistance that the powerful people in an organisation offer to change programs raises a number of questions on an ethical ground. Where the scholars and the pioneers in the field of change management have concluded that using leaders of the organisation and powerful people as change agents, it becomes easier for the management to implement changes, if such people are themselves exercising their power in a negative way to introduce politics and groupism in the workplace, without understanding the need and importance of change and to satisfy their own needs and demands, it is completely unethical on their part. Such people are not just disturbing the overall environment of an organisation but are also not fulfilling the responsibility that they have towards the stakeholders in the business because of the power vested to them (Wisdomjobs, n.d.). From an ethical point of view, it becomes an important duty of all those people who have a higher authority in an organisation, to understand the change management program in depth and figure out whether it is required for the betterment of the organisation on the whole or if it will have certain negative impacts in future, which the higher management could not foresee while designing the program (Jacobs Keegan, 2016). People with power should base their decisions to resist or to promote a change program on some credible piece of information and not just base their decision to resist a change on the basis of fear that their power would be undermined or they would lose the control that they have over the others. Conclusion Management of a change programs in business organisations is not an easy task. It requires a lot of practice and careful administration to successfully implement even a smallest change as even a small change can have a great impact on certain stakeholders in the business. It is important to implement changes in the workplace in order to remain competitive and to increase organisational competencies but it should only be done at the right time. Implementing changes just for the sake of trying what others are doing can prove to be a huge disaster for business organisations as many of them have already lost their entire market shares to their competitors because of their failure to implement changes at the right time. Further, it is also important for powerful people in an organisation to have a greater understanding of the ethical role that they have to play towards the stakeholders and avoid getting into politics or groupism to satisfy their own need of power or authority. Powerful people should understand the importance of workplace changes and help their organisations in implementing the required changes, rather than spreading negativity in the workplace or resisting the change. References Changingminds. (n.d.). Resistance to Change . Retrieved September 26, 2017, from changingminds.org: https://changingminds.org/disciplines/change_management/resistance_change/resistance_change.htm Techtarget. (2015, April 30). Change management . Retrieved September 26, 2017, from searchcio.techtarget.com: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/change-management Kotter, J. P. (2007, January). Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail . Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from hbr.org: https://hbr.org/2007/01/leading-change-why-transformation-efforts-fail Tanner, R. (2017, February 1). Organizational Change: 8 Reasons Why People Resist Change . Retrieved September 26, 2017, from managementisajourney.com: https://managementisajourney.com/organizational-change-8-reasons-why-people-resist-change/ Adenle, C. (2011, July 26). 12 Reasons Why Employees Resist Change in the Workplace . Retrieved September 26, 2017, from catherinescareercorner.com: https://catherinescareercorner.com/2011/07/26/12-reasons-why-employees-resist-change-in-the-workplace/ Rick, T. (2011, May 23). TOP 12 REASONS WHY PEOPLE RESIST CHANGE . Retrieved September 26, 2017, from www.torbenrick.eu: https://www.torbenrick.eu/blog/change-management/12-reasons-why-people-resist-change/ Glassman, A. (2009). Reasons for Resistance to Change. Retrieved from semanticscholar.org: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/21f0/a4338a59a6a587149b01eba9b4ba026cec6b.pdf Ford, J. D., Ford, L. W., D'Amelio3, A. (2008). Resistance to Change: The Rest of the Story . Academy of management Review, 33(2). Virtual Learning Environment . (2017, September 29). Politics in Organization . Retrieved from vle.du.ac.in: https://vle.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=9726chapterid=15607 Merchant, P. (n.d.). 5 Sources of Power in Organizations . Retrieved September 29, 2017, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-sources-power-organizations-14467.html Wisdomjobs. (n.d.). Principles Of Management And Organisational Behaviour - Resistance To Change. Retrieved September 29, 2017, from www.wisdomjobs.com: https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of-management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial-366/resistance-to-change-12903.html Jacobs, G., Keegan, A. (2016, September 8). Ethical Considerations and Change Recipients Reactions: Its Not All About Me . Journal of Business Ethics , 2017(September), 29. Dickson, J. (2013, October 7). Power and Resistance to change. Strebel, P. (n.d.). Why Do Employees Resist Change? . Retrieved October 2017, from hbr.org: https://hbr.org/1996/05/why-do-employees-resist-change Stark, P. B. (2010, January 10). Why Employees Resist Change . Retrieved October 2017, from www.peterstark.com: https://www.peterstark.com/why-employees-resist-change/# Bytestart. (2015, December 23). 7 Common reasons why employees resist change and how to encourage them to embrace new developments . Retrieved October 2017, from www.bytestart.co.uk: https://www.bytestart.co.uk/employees-resist-change-encourage-embrace.html McSweeney, F. K., Murphy, E. S. (2014). Resistance to change. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning . BOUQUET, C., RENAULT, C. (2014, September 7). Uber: Example of resistance to change . Retrieved October 5, 2017, from iol.co.za: https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/companies/uber-example-of-resistance-to-change-1747187

Top Tjhsst Essay Samples Reviews!

Top Tjhsst Essay Samples Reviews! Our company will give you with other graduate essay services aside from writing like editing of those graduate essays which you've already written. This has been shown to be an extremely powerful and speedy approach to assist with a writing assignment and find the business done properly. Therefore, many students and employees decide to purchase inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. If your aim is to pass the GED, then you have to learn about test-taking strategies. Additionally, it gives students a potent tool for any type of future learning endeavor, that's the capacity to self-reflect and enhance their own learning approach. You must find the proper resources for your essay in addition to patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. When selecting high school essay format, the initial step is to spot the sort of essay you will need to write. The most important portion of a brief essay is known as the body. The last question, nevertheless, is quite a different story. A good case of a question a parent could be asked is the way the parent thinks their little one will add to the school. A reply to this question should mention the youngster's strengths, their athletic and societal interests. Many people think that high school entrance essays are comparatively less difficult to write than college entrance essays, that is the reason there are fewer places where you could get assistance with higher school entrance essays. It takes a great dose of preparation to have the very best chance. You're not trying to draw folks to your side with emotions. Know as much as possible about your side, but know equally as much if not more on the topic of the opposing side too. In any case, admissions tutors also like to understand that which you have read past the syllabus. You don't need to return to school to prepare for the GED test. Essay tests don't have a specific answer key. No need to be concerned about opting for GED lessons in a tangible classroom. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're expected to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. An outline is a huge remedy for this. Avoid showing preference for any particular university if you aren't applying for just one. If you can't pass this component of the test honestly, then you have to come across a physical school for your education. Up in Arms About Tjhsst Essay Samples? We offer comprehensive support in writing all sorts of academic paper. Our rates are reasonable, and it enables you to have your paper revised free of charge. Any paper is going to be written on time for an inexpensive price. Today, there are a number of on-line websites that provide sample papers. All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work in time. Before you turn in your assignment, you are going to want to check over it one final moment. Tuhsst next step is to make a decision as to what questions to ask about doing it. As a consequence, you get a wonderful deal of free time and completed homework. All essays will have a certain topic that's either one you choose or one which is provided for you. There's numerous essays completed by them. In reality, you can make up any topic you want all on your own, as long because there is unlimited amount of those. This distinguishing characteristic of this essay demands the writer to deliver his points in a succinct method. Personal essays can at times consist of personal information which you would not like to share. Bear in mind an argumentative essay is based more on facts rather than emotion. First and foremost it's essential to ensure you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. You're going to need to select a topic first, but your topic ought to be something that has two conflicting points or unique conclusions.

Advance Studies in Hispanic Studies at Colleges and Universities - And it is Excellent

Advance Studies in Hispanic Studies at Colleges and Universities - And it is ExcellentIt is vital that we keep Hispanics in our country by teaching them advanced studies in Hispanic Studies. We have the unique ability to do this through our colleges and universities.The government is doing nothing to help the Hispanic community in America. That is why Hispanics are in so much trouble. They need the help of their friends in the Hispanic community to make the country a better place for them.Our college and universities are the best place to learn about the Hispanic community in America. Do you want to know what the issues are in our nation? If so, look to the Hispanic community. They will be the ones to talk to the politicians and the news media about the issues that concern us.While our colleges and universities are teaching about the Hispanic population and issues, we must learn to put those issues in a perspective that is helpful to us as citizens. Without that perspective, we are l osing out on the main stream media's advertising money. They need to see the people who they are pushing as political candidates as something other than just citizens in the United States.We need to help the Hispanic community identify as citizens first. They should be proud of their heritage. We cannot make them another race if we do not make them citizens first. It is now time for us to ask what are the things that the Hispanic community can do to help the country become a better place for them to live.What are the issues that Hispanic students study in their classes? I think it would be a great idea to take all of their courses and prepare a report for the president of the United States. Not just any report; one that would get them elected to Congress. This would give them the experience of being a legislator and know what is on the minds of voters in their district.Also, we should teach them how to campaign so that they can not only be candidates for political parties but would be successful politicians themselves. They are very smart and able to perform political math that will get them elected. If they did not want to be in politics, they could not do very well.There are several great ideas here for the Hispanics in America to use at their universities. I hope that you will please consider all of this and think on it. Please consider all that I have written in 2020.

Why and How Can I Become a Good Academic Writing Student?

Why and How Can I Become a Good Academic Writing Student?Custom academic writing has come to the fore and with good reason. These days we read a lot of personal essays written by individuals, for purposes of building their writing skills, training their public speaking skills, and other such purposes. Such an essay can be modified in various ways with the help of different writers and learning from them to make your own work of art.However, we must admit that the professional writers are the best source of education and writing expertise when it comes to these subjects. This is where an individual can improve the level of his or her writing skills and move up the career ladder too. Once one has mastered this skill, it would be easy to attract good-paying jobs in the areas such as corporate writing and higher education. A well-written academic work can elevate any grade point average into a stellar one.Custom academic writing is a comprehensive blend of editing, formatting, and writin g skills. It involves a minimum investment, but many students are worried about this, as they are worried about the cost of the courses and the time required for learning the craft. They think that it is impossible to learn how to write a college degree.But a good course content is not as hard as many believe. If a student has some background in writing already, it is possible to learn how to be proficient at such writing once he or she has learned the essentials of the craft. He or she can also seek help from one of the numerous tutors available on the internet. He or she can either attend class sessions or come back home and sit in front of the computer and work out the answer to the question posed by the tutor.This is a form of learning where the student will get to know that there are good writers out there. They will be able to understand their strengths and weaknesses and learn to put together their own writing to maximize the efficiency of their skills. Furthermore, they can also check the quality of the work in the market and learn from the mistakes made by the expert writers to improve their work.When it comes to how to become a good writer, there are some things that all students need to keep in mind. An individual who has a strong mind and the ability to put together two thoughts and combine them to come up with an intelligent and clear idea is perfect for this job. Having good eyesight is another plus point, because such writers need to be able to see the meaning behind each sentence and word.Their writing needs to have a proper structure, starting from the introduction and ending with the conclusion. There should be a flow, and each sentence should be understandable. There should be a strong urge to learn and achieve through such an effort, and those who can manage this well will be perfect candidates for this.

How to Prepare for FIE Essay Sample Questions

How to Prepare for FIE Essay Sample QuestionsI want to help you learn FIE exam and sample essay questions by taking a look at FIE exam sample essay questions that will be provided. If you are ever in a situation where you need to take a few practice exams, you might find this information useful.You will find FIE sample essay questions. These are not necessarily ones that are on the actual test, but they can be used to help you focus on your answers. It's really important that you have some knowledge about the different areas of the exam so that you are prepared. These can help you do that.There are quite a few things that you need to know when taking these essay questions. The most important thing to remember is that they are not written to be taken literally. They are written as a guide to help you.In fact, it's best to get the answer right on the first try. If you find that you don't know how to do that, you need to take a step back and learn something else.After reading the essay questions you will see that there are quite a few different sections and they all depend on what type of exam you are taking. One example of this is if you are taking the actual exam, you will find that there are many different kinds of questions that are asked.For example, if you take the actual exam you may find that the questions are specific to some various different areas. One of those areas that is covered in many different exams is leadership.By taking a look at FIE sample essay questions, you will learn about your career area. Youwill also learn a lot about different topics including the history of the exam, what you will do on the exam, and how long it will take you to take the exam. There are a lot of things that you will learn and these can be valuable to you.

Music 16-20 Flashcard

Music 16-20

Candy Coffee Filter Chromatography

Candy Coffee Filter Chromatography You can do paper chromatography using a coffee filter to separate the pigments in colored candies, like Skittles or MM candy. This is a safe home experiment, great for all ages. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: about an hour Candy Chromatography Materials Basically, you need colored candies, a coffee filter or other porous paper, and salt water for this project. Skittles or MM candiesCoffee filterTall glassWaterTable saltPencilToothpicksPlate or foilPitcher or empty 2-liter bottleMeasuring cups/spoons Procedure Coffee filters usually are round, but its easier to compare your results if the paper is square. So, your first task is to cut the coffee filter into a square. Measure and cut a 3x3 (8x8 cm) square from a coffee filter.Using a pencil (ink from a pen would run, so pencil is better), draw a line 1/2 (1 cm) from the edge of one side of the paper.Make six pencil dots (or however many colors of candy you have) along this line, about 1/4 (0.5 cm) apart. Underneath each dot, label the color of the candy you will test on that spot. You wont have space to write the whole color name. Try B for blue, G for green, or something equally easy.Space 6 drops of water (or however many colors you are testing) equally distant on a plate or piece of foil. Position one candy of each color on the drops. Give the color about a minute to come off into the water. Pick up the candy and eat it or throw it away.Dip a toothpick into a color and dab the color onto the pencil dot for that color. Use a clean toothpi ck for each color. Try to keep each dot as small as possible. Allow the filter paper to dry, then go back and add more color to each dot, a total of three times, so you have lots of pigment in each sample. When the paper is dry, fold it in half with the color sample dots on the bottom. Ultimately, you are going to stand this paper up in a salt solution (with the liquid level lower than the dots) and capillary action is going to draw the liquid up the paper, through the dots, and toward the upper edge of the paper. The pigments will become separated as the liquid moves.Prepare the salt solution by mixing 1/8 teaspoon of salt and three cups of water (or 1 cm3 of salt and 1 liter of water) in a clean pitcher or 2-liter bottle. Stir or shake the solution until it is dissolved. This will produce a 1% salt solution.Pour the salt solution into a clean tall glass so that the liquid level is 1/4 (0.5 cm). You want the level to be below the sample dots. You can check this by holding the paper up against the outside of the glass. Pour out a little salt solution if the level is too high. Once the level is correct, stand the filter paper inside the glass, with the dot side down and the edge of the paper wetted by the salt solution. Capillary action will draw the salt solution up the paper. As it passes through the dots, it will begin to separate the dyes. You will notice some candy colors contain more than one dye. The dyes separate because some dyes are more likely to stick to the paper, while other dyes have a higher affinity for the salt water. In paper chromatography, the paper is called the stationary phase and the liquid (salt water) is called the mobile phase.When the salt water is 1/4 (0.5 cm) from the top edge of the paper, remove it from the glass and place it on a clean, flat surface to dry.When the coffee filter is dry, compare the results of chromatography for the different candy colors. Which candies contained the same dyes? These are the candies that have corresponding bands of color. Which candies contained multiple dyes? These are the candies that had more than one band of color. Can you match any of the colors with the names of the dyes listed on the ingredients for the candies? Further Experimentation: You can try this experiment with markers, food coloring, and powdered drink mixes. You can compare the same color of different candies, too. Do you think the pigments in green MMs and green Skittles are the same? How can you use paper chromatography to find the answer?What do you expect to happen if you use a different type of paper, such as a paper towel or a different brand of coffee filter? How do you explain the results?